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    • 专利摘要:
    MARINE SEISMIC SOURCE AND METHODS FOR GENERATING MARINE SEISMIC ENERGY IN THE BODY OF WATER. A marine seismic source comprises a housing having a central axis, an open end and a closed end opposite the open end, furthermore, the source comprises a piston coaxially disposed within the housing. In addition, the source comprises a handwheel arranged inside the housing and positioned exially between the closed end and the piston. The handwheel is configured to rotate about an axis of rotation. In addition, the source comprises a connecting rod that articulates the piston to the flywheel. The connecting rod has a first end hingedly coupled to the flywheel. The second end of the connecting rod has a first position at a first distance at a second distance measured radially from the axis of rotation. The first distance is less than the second distance.
    公开号:BR112012030153B1
    申请号:R112012030153-5
    申请日:2011-06-08
    公开日:2020-10-13
    发明作者:Mark Harper；Martin Thompson；Stuart Moore
    申请人:Bp Corporation North America Inc；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    DESCRIPTIVE REPORT REMISSIVE REFERENCE TO RELATED ORDERS
    [0001] This Application claims the benefit of US Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 61 / 352,599, filed on June 8, 2010 and entitled “Marine Mechanical Seismic Source”, which is hereby incorporated into this document by reference in its entirety. BACKGROUND Field of the Invention
    [0002] The invention relates in general to seismic exploration. More particularly, the invention relates to seismic sources for generating acoustic signals in water for marine seismic surveys. Technology Background
    [0003] Scientists and engineers often employ seismic surveys for exploration, archaeological studies and engineering projects. In general, a seismic survey is an attempt to map the earth's subsurface to identify formation limits, rock types and the presence or absence of fluid reservoirs. Such information greatly helps searches for water, geothermal reservoirs and mineral deposits, such as hydrocarbons. Oil companies often use seismic surveys to prospect for underwater hydrocarbon reserves.
    [0004] During an underwater or marine seismic survey, an acoustic energy source, also referred to as a “seismic energy source” or simply “seismic source”, is introduced into the water above the geological structure of interest. In general, seismic sources can provide single discrete pulses of seismic energy or continuous sweeps of seismic energy. Both types of seismic sources generate waves or signals of seismic energy (ie, pulse of acoustic energy) that propagate through a medium such as water or layers of rocks. In marine applications, each time the seismic source is triggered, it generates a signal of seismic energy that propagates down through the water and the boundary of the seabed water into the underwater geological formations. Faults and limits between different formations create differences in acoustic impedance that cause partial reflections of seismic waves. These reflections cause waves of acoustic energy to return towards the water, where they can be detected at the bottom of the sea by a matrix or set of ocean floor geophones or other seismic energy receptors, or detected within the water layer by a matrix or array of spaced hydrophones or other seismic energy receivers. The receivers generate electrical signals representative of the acoustic or elastic energy arriving at their locations.
    [0005] The acoustic or elastic energy detected by the seismic receivers is usually amplified and then recorded or stored in its analog or digital form. The recording is done as a function of the time after the seismic energy source is triggered. The recorded data can be transported to a computer and displayed in the form of lines (that is, graphs of the amplitude of the reflected seismic energy as a function of time for each of the geophones or seismic energy receivers). Such displays or data are subsequently subjected to further processing to simplify the interpretation of the seismic energy arriving at each receiver in terms of stratification of the subsurface of the earth's structure. Sophisticated processing techniques are typically applied to recorded signals to extract an image of the subsurface structure.
    [0006] There are many different methods for producing pulses or waves of acoustic energy for seismic surveys. Conventional seismic surveys typically employ artificial seismic energy sources such as explosives (for example, solid explosives or explosive gas mixtures), shot charges, compressed air weapons, or vibrating sources to generate seismic waves. Some of these approaches provide strong acoustic waves, but can be harmful to marine life and / or unable to limit the generated acoustic waves to desired frequencies. A more controllable technique for producing acoustic waves is to employ a marine or submarine reciprocating piston seismic source. Such devices typically have a piston that acts against water to generate frequency sweeps of extended-time acoustic energy. The piston is usually driven by a linear actuator, a flight coil, or a piezoelectric crystal transducer. The piston can be directly driven, with the piston movement almost entirely restricted, or it can resonate by balancing the force of the water against an adjustable spring, with the driving force just "filling" the energy lost to the water. The piston can also be partially restricted and partially allowed to undergo controlled resonance. The adjustable spring can be, for example, a mechanical spring, a regenerative electromagnetic inductive device, an air spring or a combination thereof.
    [0007] Figure 1 illustrates an example of a conventional reciprocating piston marine seismic source 10 disposed in water 12 below the surface of the sea 11. Source 10 includes a cylinder 15 having a central axis 19 and a piston 20 coaxially arranged on the cylinder 15. The lower end 15a of the cylinder 15 is open to the water 12 and the upper end 15b of the cylinder 15 is sealed or closed from the water 12 with a cap 16. The piston 20 engages to seal the cylinder 15 , thereby defining a volume 17 within the cylinder 15 that is filled with a compressible gas such as nitrogen or air. Piston 20 has a flat or planar face 20a that confronts and operates against water 12 at the lower end 15a of cylinder 15 and a flat or planar face 20b that confronts air in volume 17. Piston 20 is coupled to a linear actuator 25 arranged in volume 17 with a rod 21. The linear actuator 25 is held in position in relation to the cylinder 15 by support members 26. The piston 20 oscillates axially inside the cylinder 15 under the control of the linear actuator 25. As the piston 20 oscillates inside the cylinder 15, the face 20a acts against the water 12 at the lower end 15a to generate waves of acoustic energy that propagate downwards through the water 12.
    [0008] Without being limited by this or any particular theory, the axially reciprocating piston 20 with actuator 25 alone requires impractically high amounts of power. Therefore, in many cases, an adjusted system (eg, adjustable spring) that resonates the piston at the desired output frequency is often employed, thus reducing the total input power requirements. However, this solution has two disadvantages. First, energy must be introduced during the active scan (that is, the phase in which acoustic energy waves of a desired frequency or desired frequency range are being generated by the seismic source), which can be of relatively short duration compared the time period between active scans. In general, the shorter the period of time during which a given amount of energy is introduced, the greater the power requirements. Second, the energy must be added in a carefully controlled manner in such a way that it does not disturb the resonance and this must be done even while the resonant frequency changes as the device performs a scan.
    [0009] At higher frequencies and small depths of water, an oscillating piston seismic source can produce cavitation - a phenomenon that occurs when the local static pressure head minus the local vapor pressure head becomes smaller than the local piston speed to some point on the piston face. When cavitation occurs, seawater temporarily decouples from the face of the moving piston, leaving a vacuum adjacent to that part of the piston face. The vacuum then collapses violently, possibly damaging the piston face in the process. In addition, the abrupt collapse produces undesirable turbulence, which dissipates energy uselessly as heat, rather than as acoustic radiation.
    [0010] Therefore, there remains a need in the art for marine seismic sources that produce energy in a controlled frequency sweep that is extended in time, without any impulsive shocks and to produce energy only in the frequency bands of interest so that only the minimum required peak power is emitted at each frequency and all the energy emitted is useful. Such sources would be particularly well received if they can produce energy at frequencies below about 8 Hz, which has proven to be difficult to reach to date using conventional seismic sources. BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE
    [0011] These and other needs in the technique are solved in a modality by a marine seismic source. In one embodiment, the source comprises a housing having a central axis, an open end and a closed end opposite the open end. In addition, the source comprises a piston coaxially disposed within the housing. In addition, the source comprises a flywheel disposed within the housing and axially positioned between the closed end and the piston. The handwheel is configured to rotate about an axis of rotation. In addition, the source comprises a connecting rod movably coupling the piston to the flywheel. The connecting rod has a first end articulated to the piston and a second end articulated to the flywheel. The second end of the connecting rod has a first position at a first distance measured radially from the axis of rotation and a second position at a second distance measured radially from the axis of rotation. The first distance is less than the second distance.
    [0012] These and other needs in the technique are solved in another modality by a method to generate a wave of marine seismic energy in a body of water. In one embodiment, the method comprises (a) providing a seismic source. The seismic source includes a housing having a closed and an open end and a piston slidably disposed within the housing. In addition, the seismic source includes a flywheel arranged in the housing between the closed end and the piston. The handwheel is configured to rotate about an axis of rotation. The seismic source also includes a connecting rod having a first end coupled to the piston and a second end coupled to the flywheel. In addition, the method comprises (b) positioning the seismic source in the water. Furthermore, the method comprises (c) rotating the handwheel about the axis of rotation. In addition, the method comprises (d) changing a first radially measured distance from the axis of rotation to the second end of the connecting rod during (c).
    [0013] These and other needs in the technique are solved in another modality by a method to generate a wave of marine seismic energy in a body of water. In one embodiment, the method comprises (a) placing a marine seismic source in the water. The seismic source includes a housing having a closed and an open end and a piston slidably disposed within the housing. In addition, the seismic source includes a flywheel arranged in the housing between the closed end and the piston. The handwheel is configured to rotate about an axis of rotation. The seismic source also includes a connecting rod having a first end coupled to the piston and a second end coupled to the flywheel. In addition, the method comprises (b) positioning the second end of the connecting rod at or proximal to the axis of rotation of the handwheel. Furthermore, the method comprises (c) applying rotation torque to the steering wheel after (b). In addition, the method comprises (d) increasing the speed of rotation of the handwheel during (c). The method also comprises (e) moving the second end of the connecting rod radially with respect to the axis of rotation.
    [0014] Thus, modalities described in this document comprise a combination of characteristics and advantages designed to solve various failures associated with certain devices, systems and previous methods. The various features described above, as well as other features, will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art after reading the detailed description that follows and referring to the attached drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
    [0015] For a detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the invention, reference will now be made to the attached drawings in which:
    [0016] FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a conventional reciprocating piston marine seismic source;
    [0017] FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a modality of a marine seismic acquisition system;
    [0018] FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional front view of an embodiment of the marine seismic source of Figure 2;
    [0019] FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional rear view of the marine seismic source of Figure 2;
    [0020] FIG. 5 is a partial schematic side view of the driving assembly of Figure 4; and
    [0021] FIG. 6 is a schematic end view of the driving assembly of Figure 4. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF SOME OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
    [0022] The following discussion is directed to various modalities of the invention. Although one or more of these modalities may be preferred, the disclosed modalities should not be interpreted, or otherwise used, as limiting the scope of the disclosure, including the Claims. In addition, someone skilled in the art will understand that the following description has broad application and the discussion of any modality is intended only to be an example of that modality and is not intended to suggest that the scope of the disclosure, including the Claims, is limited to that modality.
    [0023] Certain terms are used throughout the following description and Claims to refer to particular features or components. As someone skilled in the art will observe, different people may refer to the same characteristic or component by different names. This document is not intended to distinguish between components or features that differ in name, but not function. The drawing figures are not necessarily to scale. Certain features and components in this document may be shown exaggerated in scale or in somewhat schematic form and some details of conventional elements may not be shown in the interest of clarity and conciseness.
    [0024] In the following discussion and in the Claims, the terms "including" and "comprising" are used in an open manner and should therefore be interpreted to mean "including, but not limited to ...". Also, the term "coupled" or "coupled" is intended to mean either an indirect or direct connection. Thus, if a first device couples to a second device, this connection can be through a direct connection, or through an indirect connection through other devices and connections. In addition, as used in this document, the terms "axially" and "axially" generally mean along or parallel to a central axis (for example, the central axis of a structure), while the terms "radial" and "radially" generally mean perpendicular to the central axis. For example, an axial distance refers to a distance measured along or parallel to the central axis and a radial distance means a distance measured perpendicular to the central axis.
    [0025] Referring now to Figure 2, a modality of a marine seismic acquisition system 100 is shown schematically. System 100 is used to perform marine seismic exploration operations to survey geological formations below the surface 110 of a body of water 111. In this embodiment, system 100 includes at least one seismic survey vessel 101 that tows at least one serpentine 102 including a plurality of evenly spaced seismic sensors or receivers 103. In this embodiment, each coil 102 includes a steerable diverter 104 that controls the position and movement of coil 102 in relation to vessel 101. In particular, diverter 104 positions coil 102 in a desired travel distance from vessel 101 and desired operating depth below surface 110.
    [0026] Coils 102 can be up to several kilometers long and are built in sections of 100-150 meters, each section including up to thirty-five or more evenly spaced receivers 103. In general, each receiver 103 can comprise any suitable type marine receiver configured to capture seismic energy signals including, without limitation, a hydrophone or a geophone. Electrical or fiber optic cabling interconnects the plurality of receivers 103 on each streamer 102 and connects each streamer 102 to vessel 101. Seismic data acquired by receivers 103 can be digitized at or near receivers 103 and then transmitted to vessel 101 via cabling and relatively high data transfer rates (for example, rates in excess of 5 million data bits per second). As shown in Figure 2, receivers 103 are towed behind survey vessel 101. However, in other embodiments, coils (for example, coils 102) and receivers (for example, receivers 103) may be arranged along the bottom of the sea as cables from the bottom of the ocean. In still other modalities, the receivers disposed on the seabed can be autonomous ocean floor nodes. Ship towed streamers and ocean floor nodes can also be used simultaneously.
    [0027] Referring further to Figure 2, seismic acquisition system 100 also includes a marine seismic source 200. In this modality, the source 200 is towed behind the seismic survey vessel 101. However, in other modalities, particularly those employing a low frequency source, the source (for example, source 200) is preferably towed behind a different vessel than the receivers (for example, receivers 103). Although there are many different types of marine seismic sources, in this modality, seismic source 200 is an oscillating piston seismic source that propagates acoustic energy signals within water 111 and subsurface geological formations over an extended period of time as opposed to instantaneous energy next provided by impulsive sources. Source 200 and receivers 103 are deployed below the surface of ocean 110, with optimum depth dependent on a variety of factors including, without limitation, the state of the seas (eg waves, currents, etc.), the towing force equipment and the desired frequency range to be produced and recorded. For a low frequency marine seismic source producing acoustic energy in the 2-8 Hz range, for example, an ideal towing depth for the source would be approximately 60m.
    [0028] The equipment on the vessel 101 controls the operation of the source 200 and receivers 103 and records the data acquired by receivers 103. The recorded data is used to produce seismic surveys that estimate the distance between the sea surface 110 and the subsurface structures below the seabed 108 such as structure 106. To determine a distance to subsurface structure 106, source 200 emits seismic energy waves 107 that propagate through water 111 and seabed 108 into the subsurface geological formations. Energy waves 107 reflect subsurface structures such as structure 106 as “echoes” or reflected seismic energy waves 109. Part of the reflected seismic energy waves 109 is detected by receivers 103, converted into electrical signals and recorded as seismic data for subsequent processing. Determining the time for seismic waves 107 to travel from source 200 to subsurface structure 106 and reflect structure 106 as echoes 109 to receivers 103, an estimate of the distance (both horizontally and vertically), geometry, topography, position, impedance, type fluid and lithology of underwater geological structures, among other parameters, can be determined. For example, certain topographic characteristics and amplitudes of recorded seismic data are indicative of hydrocarbon reservoirs.
    [0029] Referring now to Figures 3 and 4, a marine seismic source modality 200 disposed in water 111 is shown. During use, seismic source 200 is disposed below the surface 110 of water 111 as shown in Figure 2 to generate waves of acoustic energy for marine seismic surveys. In this embodiment, the source 200 includes an outer housing 210, a piston 220 coaxially disposed in housing 210 and a piston driving assembly 230 disposed within housing 210. As will be explained in more detail below, the piston driving assembly 230 exchanges piston 220 within housing 210 to generate waves of acoustic energy in water 111. Consequently, marine seismic source 200 can also be referred to as an oscillating or reciprocating piston marine seismic source.
    [0030] Referring further to Figures 3 and 4, housing 210 has a central or longitudinal axis 215, a first or upper end 210a and a second or lower end 210b opposite end 210a. In this embodiment, housing 210 includes a tubular body 211 and an end cap 212 attached to body 211.0 body 211 is coaxially disposed about axis 215 and has a first or upper end 211a coinciding with the end of housing 210a and a second end or lower 211b coinciding with the end of the housing 210b. The lower end 211b of body 211 is open to water 111, however, the upper end 211a is obstructed and closed by end cap 212. Consequently, the upper end 210a of housing 210 can also be described as a closed end and the end bottom 210b of housing 210 can also be described as an open end. The cap 212 engages to seal the body 211, thereby restricting and / or preventing fluid flow into and out of the body 211 at the upper end 210a.
    [0031] Together, body 211, end cap 212 and piston 220 define an inner chamber 213 within housing 210. Thus, chamber 213 extends axially between piston 220 and end cap 212 and extends radially from axis 215 to body 211. Inner chamber 213 is preferably filled with a gas such as air or nitrogen and is sealed such that the ingress and egress of water into chamber 213 is restricted and / or prevented.
    [0032] Enclosure 210 may include one or more complete ports providing passages for electrical connections (eg, sensor cables, electronic control wiring, etc.), power supply lines, compressed air supply lines, power lines supply of hydraulic fluid and electrical connections etc. For the sake of clarity, such ports, electrical connections, wiring and various supply lines are not shown in Figures 3 and 4. Any ports preferably include tight fluid seals that allow connections or lines to pass through, while restricting and / or preventing the ingress or egress of water into the chamber 213.
    [0033] In this embodiment, the housing 210 also includes a plurality of drain valves 216 arranged along the body 211. The valves 216 allow any liquid (e.g., water 111) within the chamber 213 to be drained. In addition, a plurality of sensors 219a, b, c is coupled to housing 210. In particular, an internal pressure sensor 219a detects and measures the pressure within housing 210, an external pressure sensor 219b detects and measures pressure outside the housing. housing 210 (i.e., water pressure 111) and a fluid level sensor 219c detects and measures the level of any liquid (e.g., water 111) that may have entered housing 210.
    [0034] As previously described, piston 220 is coaxially disposed within cylinder 210. In particular, piston 220 slidably engages the cylindrical internal surface of body 211 and is positioned proximally to the open end 210b. The piston 220 has a central axis 225 coaxially aligned with the axis of the housing 215, a first or upper end 220a and a second or lower end 220b.
    [0035] When source 200 is disposed underwater as shown in Figure 2, water 111 is free to flow axially at open end 210b and engage piston 220. Thus, lower end 220b faces and acts against water 111 within the end open 210a of housing 210, while the upper end 220a faces the inner chamber 213 and acts against the gas within the chamber 213. In this embodiment, each end 220a, b is planar. However, in other embodiments, one or both axial ends of the piston (e.g., ends 220a, b of piston 220) may be non-planar. For example, the piston end facing water (e.g., the lower end 220b) may comprise a cone or bullet shaped geometry and surface as disclosed in US Patent Application No. 61 // 290,611 and PCT Patent Application N ° PCT / US2010 / 62329, each of which is hereby incorporated into this document by reference in its entirety for all purposes.
    [0036] Referring further to Figures 3 and 4, an annular sealing member 221 is radially positioned between piston 220 and housing 210. In this embodiment, sealing member 221 is seated in an annular recess or sealing gland 222 on the radially outer surface of piston 220. Sealing member 221 is radially compressed between piston 220 and housing 210 and engages to seal piston 220 and housing 210. More specifically, sealing member 221 forms a annular radially external dynamic seal 221a with housing 210 and an annular radially internal static seal member 221b with piston 220. Seals 221a, b restrict and / or prevent fluid flow between piston 220 and housing 210 as piston 220 axially exchanges with respect to housing 210. Therefore, sealing member 221 restricts and / or prevents water 111 external to seismic source 200 from moving axially between piston 220 and housing 210 into the inner chamber tern 213 and restricts and / or prevents gas in the inner chamber 213 from moving axially between piston 220 and housing 210 into water 111 at open end 210b.
    [0037] Depending on the application and desired characteristics of the acoustic waves to be produced by the source 200 (for example, frequency range, amplitude etc.), the maximum external radius of piston 220 and cylinder 210 (measured perpendicularly from axes 215, 225) can be varied. For most applications, piston 210 will have a maximum external radius of approximately half a meter to a few meters, depending on the desired frequency range and amplitude of the acoustic radiation to be produced.
    [0038] Referring now to Figures 3-6, the piston driving assembly 230 is disposed within an inner chamber 213 and axially exchanges piston 220 within housing 210. As piston 220 exchanges, the lower end 220b acts against water 111 at open end 210a, thereby generating waves of acoustic energy that propagate downward through water 111. As will be explained in more detail below, the frequency and amplitude of acoustic waves generated by reciprocating piston 220 can be controlled and varied by driving set 230.
    [0039] In this embodiment, the piston driving set 230 includes a flywheel 231, a connecting or driving rod 240 extending from flywheel 231 to piston 220, a fixed or additional ground member 250, a first linear actuator 251 , a second linear actuator 252, a first connection 260 extending between the first actuator 251 and the connecting rod 240 and a second connection 262 extending between the second actuator 252 and the ground member 250. As will be described in more detail below, the rotation movement of the flywheel 231 leads to the axial permutation of the piston 220 and the frequency and amplitude of the axial oscillations of the piston 220 are controlled by actuators 251, 252 by connections 260, 262.
    [0040] Referring further to Figures 3-6, handwheel 231 rotates about an axis of rotation 235 passing through the center of handwheel 231 and oriented perpendicular to axes 215, 225. In general, handwheel 231 can rotate in around axis 235 in a first direction represented by arrow 237 or a second direction represented by arrow 238. In this embodiment, the density of the flywheel 231 is uniform, moving radially out of the axis 235. However, in other embodiments, the density of the flywheel ( for example, handwheel 235) may increase by moving radially out of the axis of rotation (for example, axis 235) to increase the inertia of the handwheel having a fixed total mass.
    [0041] The rotation of the flywheel 231 is powered by the engine 270. In general, the engine 270 can comprise any engine suitable for turning the flywheel 231, including, without limitation, an electric motor, a hydraulic motor or a pneumatic motor. In addition, the motor 270 can drive the rotation of the flywheel 231 by any suitable mechanism including, without limitation, a rotating output rod, coupling gears, direct magnetic flywheel induction, or combinations thereof. In this embodiment, the motor 270 drives the rotation of a wheel or roller element 271 that engages the radially external surface of the flywheel 231. The rotation of the roller element 271 is transferred to the flywheel 231 by frictional engagement on the contact surfaces between the element roller 271 and flywheel 231. Motor 270 is coupled to housing 210 such that motor 270 does not move by translational movements with respect to housing 210, although the output rod of motor 270 and roller element 271 are free to rotate in relation to engine 270 and housing 210 in order to drive the rotation of flywheel 231 in relation to housing 210. In this embodiment, support members 272 couple motor 270 to housing 210 and maintain the position of motor 270 in relation to housing 210 .
    [0042] The rotation speed and direction of rotation of the flywheel 231 (ie first direction 237 or second direction 238) is controlled by adjusting the output power, torque, speed and direction of rotation of the motor 270. In addition, the rotation of the flywheel 231 can be decreased and / or stopped with the engine 270 and / or a separate braking device (not shown). For example, if motor 270 is an electric motor, simply cutting power to the electric motor will decrease the speed of rotation of the flywheel 231, while the friction between rotating components begins to convert the rotation energy in the system into heat. Likewise, reconfiguring the connections for engine 270 to convert them to a generator will act as a braking device.
    [0043] As best shown in Figure 5, the handwheel 231 includes a complete elongated groove 232 having a central or longitudinal axis 233, a first end 232a on the rotation axis 235 of the handwheel 231 and a second end 232b distal to the axis 235 and proximal to the outer periphery of the flywheel 231. In this embodiment, a projection of the axis 233 is perpendicular to and intersects with the rotation axis 235 of the flywheel 231. Therefore, in this embodiment, the elongated groove 232 is radially oriented with respect to the axis 235 and so, ends 232a, b can also be referred to as radially internal and radially external ends, respectively. Elongated groove 232 has a length L232 measured axially (in relation to axis 233) between ends 232a, b and has a width W232 measured perpendicular to axis 233. In this embodiment, elongated groove 232 extends linearly between ends 232a, b. However, in other embodiments, the elongated groove (for example, groove 232) may be non-linear, but preferably has a radially internal end (for example, end 232a) at or near the steering wheel axis (for example, steering wheel 231) and a radially outer end (e.g. end 232b) distal to the steering wheel axis.
    [0044] The first and second guide members 271, 272 are slidably arranged within the groove 232 and spaced apart at an axial distance D271-272 measured parallel to the axis 233. Each guide member 271, 272 has a measured width perpendicular to the axis 233 which is substantially the same or slightly less than the width W232 of the elongated groove 232 and thus, the guide members 271, 272 are free to move axially parallel to the axis 233 within the groove 232, but restricted from moving laterally in relation to the groove 232. In this embodiment, the guide members 271, 272 are each cylindrical, and thus the width of each guide member 271, 272 also represents its diameter. Although guide members 271, 272 are each positioned in the same groove 232 in this embodiment, in other embodiments, the two guide members (for example, guide members 271 and 272) may be positioned in different grooves on the steering wheel (for example , steering wheel 231).
    [0045] The first guide member 271 is coupled to the first actuator 251 by first connection 260 and the second guide member 272 is coupled to the second actuator 252 by second connection 262. As will be described in more detail below, the axial position and the movement of the first guide member 271 in relation to the axis 233 are controlled and adjusted by the first actuator 251; and the axial position and movement of the second guide member 272 in relation to the axis 233 are controlled and adjusted by the second actuator 252. In this embodiment, the first actuator 251 and the second actuator 252 can be operated independently of each other such that the positions axial axes and the movement of the guide members 271, 272 with respect to the axis 233 can be varied with respect to each other. For example, the axial distance Ü271-272 between members 271, 272 can be varied during the operation of the source 200. In other embodiments, the operation of the actuators (for example, actuators 251, 252) can be linked together in such a way. so that the axial distance between the guide members (for example, axial distance D271-272 between the members 271, 272) is fixed, or varied according to a predetermined algorithm.
    [0046] Referring again to Figures 3-5, the elongated connecting rod 240 has a central or longitudinal axis 245, a first or piston end 240a coupled to piston 220 and a second or flywheel end 240b coupled to the member of guide 271. The first end 240a is pivotally coupled to the piston 220 such that the connecting rod 240 is free to rotate or rotate around the first end 240a with respect to the piston 220 and the second end 240b is pivotally coupled to the guide member 271 in such a way that the connecting rod 240 is free to rotate or rotate around the second end 240b with respect to the guide member 271, elongated groove 232 and handwheel 231.
    [0047] Referring specifically to Figure 5, the first actuator 251 is attached to the flywheel 231 and is coupled to the first connection 260, the first guide member 271 and the end 240b of the connecting rod 240; and the second actuator 252 is attached to the flywheel 231 and is coupled to the second link 262, the second guide member 272 and the ground member 250. In this embodiment, each link 260, 262 is an elongated stem extending from actuator 251 , 252, respectively, to the guide member 271, 272, respectively. A projection of the axis 233 passes through the end 240b and through the center of the mass member 250.
    [0048] The first actuator 251 controls the axial position and movement of the first connection 260, first guide member 271 and end 240b along the groove 232 and axis 233 and, consequently, also controls the radial position and movement of the first connection 260, first guide member 271 and end 240b with respect to handwheel axis 235. In addition, second actuator 252 controls the axial position and movement of the second connection 262, second guide member 272 and mass member 250 along the groove 232 and axis 233 and, consequently, also controls the radial position and the movement of the second connection 262, second guide member 272 and mass member 250 in relation to axis 235. Since actuators 251, 252 move connections 260, 262, respectively, linearly parallel to axis 233, can also be referred to as a "linear actuator". Although two actuators (for example, actuators 251, 252) are included in this embodiment, to control the position and movement of the end of the connecting rod (for example, end 240b) and the mass member (for example, mass member 250 ) in relation to the flywheel shaft, in other embodiments, the position and movement of the end of the connecting rod and the ground member in relation to the flywheel shaft can be controlled by a single actuator. In addition, although there is a single mass member 250 in this modality, in other modalities there may be two or more mass members, each with its own actuator to position them, for example, arranged and controlled in order to maintain the center of mass of the flywheel system on axis 235 for the entire operation of the source.
    [0049] The amplitude of the piston oscillations 220 depends on the radial position of the second end 240b in relation to the axis of the flywheel 235. More specifically, the greater the radial distance measured from axis 235 to the second end 240b (along the groove 232 ), the greater the amplitude of the piston oscillations 220. On the other hand, the smaller the radial distance measured from the axis 235 to the second end 240b (along the groove 232), the smaller the amplitude of the oscillations of the piston 220.
    [0050] The frequency of piston oscillations 220 depends on the speed of rotation of the flywheel 231. More specifically, the higher the speed of rotation of the flywheel 231, the greater the frequency of oscillations of the piston 220 and, the lower the speed of rotation of the flywheel 231, the frequency of piston oscillation 220 is lower. The rotation speed of the flywheel 231 depends on a variety of factors including, without limitation, the rotation energy introduced in the flywheel 231, decreases in the rotation energy of the flywheel 231 due to friction and losses of acoustic radiation and the moment of inertia of the steering wheel 231. In general, the greater the rotation energy introduced in the steering wheel 231, the greater the rotation speed of the steering wheel 231. For a given rotation energy introduced in the steering wheel 231, an increase in the moment of inertia of flywheel 231 will decrease the speed of rotation of flywheel 231 and a decrease in moment of inertia of flywheel 231 will increase the speed of rotation of flywheel 231. mom The inertia of the flywheel 231 can be increased by moving the mass 250 radially outwardly with respect to axis 235 and decreased by moving the mass 250 radially inwardly with respect to axis 235.
    [0051] Without being limited by this or any particular theory, the amplitude of oscillations of piston 220 and the frequency of oscillations of piston 220 determine the amplitude and frequency of the waves of acoustic energy emitted by seismic source 200. More specifically, the amplitude and frequency of the acoustic waves generated by the source 200 are proportional to the amplitude of the piston oscillations 220 times the square of the frequency of the piston oscillations 220. Thus, by varying the radial position of the second end 240b in relation to the axis of the flywheel 235, the amplitude of the oscillations piston 220 and the associated acoustic energy waves can be controlled; and varying the speed of rotation of the flywheel 231 (for example, varying the rotational energy introduced in the flywheel 231 and varying the moment of inertia of the flywheel 231 with mass 250), the frequency of piston oscillations 220 and associated acoustic energy waves can controlled.
    [0052] In general, actuators 251, 252 can comprise any device suitable for controlling the radial position of the second end 240b and the mass member 250, respectively, with respect to axis 235 including, without limitation, a pneumatic actuator, a hydraulic actuator , an electric actuator, a motor, etc. In this mode, each actuator 251, 252 is an electric actuator. In addition, although actuators 251, 252 are described as a linear actuator, the actuator that controls the radial position of the drive shaft end (for example, second end 240b) and the added mass member (for example, mass member 250) can be operated by means other than simply by moving the link (e.g. link 260, 262) linearly. For example, in other embodiments, the actuator (s) can (a) rotate a threaded rod that threadably engages the guide members (for example, guide members 271, 272), which are restricted to rotate with the threaded rod. As a result, the rotation of the threaded rod controls the radial position and the movement of the guide member (s) in relation to the axis of rotation (for example, axis of rotation 235) - the direction of rotation controls whether the guide members they move radially inward or outward and the speed of rotation controls the speed at which the guide members move radially. Actuators 251, 252 can be powered by battery or power supplied by wires that allow actuators 251, 252 to rotate together with handwheel 231 without interference (for example, by electric brushes that conduct current between stationary wires and rotary actuators 251, 252 ).
    [0053] Referring now to Figures 4 and 5, in this modality, each actuator 251, 252 includes a sensor 280 that detects and measures the radial position of the second end 240b and the mass member 250, respectively, in relation to the axis of rotation 235. Sensors 280 transmit the position data to a control system 281 coupled to housing 210 inside chamber 213 (Figures 3 and 4). The control system 281 monitors the radial positions of the second end 240b and the mass member 250 with respect to axis 235 and adjusts the radial positions of the second end 240b and of the mass member 250 with respect to axis 235 by controlling actuators 251, 252 during operation of the source 200. By monitoring and controlling the radial positions of the second end 240b, the control system 281 controls the frequency and amplitude of the acoustic energy waves produced by the source 200. In addition, the control system 281 controls the power of output, torque, rotation speed and direction of rotation of the motor that drives the rotation of the flywheel 231. In this mode, the control system 281 communicates wirelessly with the sensors 280 and actuators 251, 252 and communicates with the motor 270 by thread. However, in general, the control system (for example, control system 281) can communicate with sensors (for example, sensors 280), actuators (for example, actuators 251, 252) and the motor (for example, motor 270) by any suitable means, provided any wiring is configured to allow rotation of the flywheel (eg, flywheel 231) and sensors (eg, sensors 280) coupled to it without interference. Sensors 219a, b, c can also communicate the measured pressure and fluid level data to the control system 281. The data acquired by the control system 281 is communicated to the surface vessel 101 for monitoring and analysis and the control signals for the operation of the driving set 230, they are communicated from the surface vessel 101 to the control system 281.
    [0054] Referring again to Figures 3-5, the seismic source 200 is preferably operated in a cyclical manner. Each cycle includes three phases - (a) an acceleration phase; (b) a scanning phase; and (c) a recovery phase. In the acceleration phase, the second end 240b of the connecting rod 240 is positioned in the center of the flywheel 231 (that is, on the axis of rotation 235) or exactly off center and a rotation torque is applied to the flywheel 231 (for example, with roller element 271) to increase the speed of rotation of the handwheel 231 until a predetermined and desirable speed of rotation of the handwheel 231 is achieved. It should be noted that when the second end 240b and the guide member 271 are arranged on the axis of rotation 235 (i.e., second end 240b and guide member 271 are arranged in the center of the flywheel 231), the piston 220 does not swing in a way some.
    [0055] In the sweep phase, the rotation torque applied to the flywheel 231 can be removed and the radial distance measured from the axis 235 to the second end 240b is varied, causing the amplitude of the piston oscillations 220 and the acoustic radiation associated company vary. For example, during a scan, the radial distance measured from axis 235 to the second end 240b can be increased, causing the amplitude of piston oscillations 220 and the associated acoustic radiation to increase. Alternatively, during a scan, the radial distance measured from axis 235 to the second end 240b can be decreased, causing the amplitude of piston oscillations 220 and associated acoustic radiation to decrease. In addition, the radial distance measured from axis 235 to the second end 240b can be increased and then decreased during a single sweep to increase and then decrease the amplitude of piston 220 and associated acoustic radiation, or decreased and then increased during a scan to decrease and then increase the amplitude of piston 200 and associated acoustic radiation. In this way, the amplitude of piston oscillations 220 and the associated acoustic radiation can be varied and controlled during the scanning phase.
    [0056] In the sweep phase, the rotation speed of the handwheel 231 is varied, making the oscillation frequency of piston 220 vary. In particular, during a sweep, the rotation energy transmitted to the handwheel 231 in the acceleration phase is lost to the friction and the output acoustic radiation. These energy losses tend to decrease the speed of rotation of the flywheel 231, which also decreases the frequency of oscillations of the piston 220. Moving the mass 250 radially outward from the axis 235 along the groove 232 during a sweep, thereby effectively increasing the moment of inertia of the handwheel 231, the rotation speed of the handwheel 231 can be further decreased. In this way, by maintaining or increasing the radial distance from axis 235 to mass 250 during a sweep, the rotation speed of handwheel 231 is decreased and the frequency of piston oscillations 220 and associated acoustic radiation is decreased. However, by moving the mass 250 radially inward from the axis 235 along the groove 232 during a sweep, thereby effectively decreasing the moment of inertia of the handwheel 231, the rotation speed of the handwheel 231 can be increased and the frequency of oscillations piston 220 and associated acoustic radiation can be increased. In some cases, the radial distance from axis 235 to mass 250 can be increased and then decreased to increase the moment of inertia of the flywheel 231 and then decrease the moment of inertia of the flywheel 231, or the radial distance of the flywheel. axis 235 to mass 250 can be decreased and then increased to decrease the flywheel moment of inertia 231 and then increase the flywheel moment of inertia 231. In this way, the frequency of piston oscillations 220 and acoustic radiation can be varied and controlled during the scanning phase.
    [0057] In a preferred embodiment, during the scanning phase, the end 240b of the connecting rod 240 is moved radially outwardly in relation to the axis of the flywheel 235 with actuator 251 and connection 260 and additional mass member 250 is moved radially to out of relation to axis of rotation 235 with actuator 252 and connection 262. As a result, the amplitude of piston oscillations 220 increases and the frequency of oscillations of piston 220 decreases and thus, the amplitude of the acoustic waves generated by the source 200 increases and the frequency of the acoustic waves generated by the source 200 decreases. The radial distance between end 240b and axis of rotation 235 is increased until end 240b is positioned at end 232b of groove 232 and the minimum operating frequency and maximum operating range of piston 220 and source 200 are achieved. In this modality, the source 200 offers the potential to generate waves of acoustic energy with frequencies as low as 0.5 Hz.
    [0058] During the scanning phase, as piston 220 begins to move by translational movements in relation to the axis of flywheel 235, a part of the kinetic energy in flywheel 231 is transferred to piston 220 and its associated mass (that is, the mass of the entrained water 111 at the end 210b that moves with the piston 220) and to the additional mass member 250. In other words, at least part of the kinetic energy of rotation transmitted to the flywheel 231 during the acceleration period is transferred to the piston 220 and mass member 250. Thus, during the sweep period, the initial rotation kinetic energy of handwheel 231 is shared between handwheel 231, piston 220 (and its associated mass) and additional mass member 250. The energy which is transferred to the additional mass member 250 helps to smooth the axial movement of the piston 220. More specifically, the additional mass member 250 allows relatively good control of the proportion of energy that is transferred from the flywheel 231 to the piston 220 during the scanning phase. In particular, the control of the position and radial movement of the additional mass member 250 with respect to axis 235 allows the amplitude and frequency of piston movement 220 during sweeping to be independently controlled to achieve a desired amplitude and / or frequency (or amplitude) and / or frequency range). Without being limited by this or any particular theory, this helps to produce a more approximately sinusoidal, smoother movement of piston 220, a purer acoustic output spectrum with less unwanted harmonics. Without the additional degree of control freedom allowed by an additional mass member 250, piston 220 moves in a less controlled manner, producing undesirable harmonics in the acoustic output spectrum.
    [0059] In the restoration phase, the motor 270 and / or separate brake are used to decrease and / or stop the rotation speed of the handwheel 231. In addition, the handwheel end 240b of the connecting rod 240 is moved radially to the inside to the flywheel shaft 235 with actuator 251 and connection 260 and the ground member 250 is moved radially inward towards the flywheel shaft 235 with actuator 252 and connection 262, thereby restoring source 200 and preparing source 200 for the next cycle. Once the source 200 is restored, the cycle can be repeated starting with the acceleration phase.
    [0060] The modalities described in this document (for example, source 200) offer the advantages of a conventional resonant system - once the system has been completely excited, additional input power is only required to overcome damping losses and lost energy for acoustic radiation. However, unlike a conventional resonant system, the mechanical device described in this document reduces the required peak input power even further, spreading its input over the entire quiet non-sweep phase (or optionally, even allowing power to be introduced continuously ). More specifically, during the operation of most of the conventional oscillating piston seismic source, the drive energy that drives the piston oscillation is introduced during the sweep phase. Typically, the duration of a scan is relatively short compared to the total time between scans. Since the drive energy must be introduced within a relatively small time window, the associated power requirements are relatively large. Conversely, in modalities described in this document (for example, source 200), the drive energy that is eventually used to drive the oscillation of piston 220 is introduced before the sweep phase, thereby allowing the drive energy to be introduced over a relatively long period of time (compared to the length of the scan phase). Thus, flywheel 231 can be brought up to speed during the acceleration period using moderate power, instead of requiring high power for the relatively short sweep duration.
    [0061] In general, the alternating piston seismic source components 200 described in this document (for example, piston 220, housing 210, flywheel 231, mass 250 etc.) can be made from any suitable material (s) including, without limitation, metals and metal alloys (for example, aluminum, stainless steel, etc.), non-metals (for example, ceramics, polymers, etc.), composites (for example, carbon fiber and epoxy composite, etc.), or combinations of the same. Since the piston (e.g. piston 220) and cylinder (e.g. shell 210) are exposed to underwater conditions, each preferably comprises a durable, rigid material capable of resisting corrosion such as stainless steel.
    [0062] As long as preferred modalities have been shown and described, modifications can be made to them by someone skilled in the art without departing from the scope or teachings in that document. The modalities described in this document are exemplary only and are not limiting. Many variations and modifications of the systems, devices and processes described in this document are possible and are within the scope of the invention. For example, the relative dimensions of various parts, the materials from which the various parts are made and other parameters can be varied. Consequently, the scope of protection is not limited to the modalities described in that document, but is only limited by the following Claims, the scope of which must include all the subject matter equivalents of the Claims.
    权利要求:
    Claims (23)
    [0001]
    1. Marine Seismic Source, (200), comprising: a housing (210) having a central axis (215), an open end and a closed end opposite the open end; a piston (220) coaxially disposed within the housing (210); a flywheel (231) disposed within the housing (210) and axially positioned between the closed end and the piston (220), characterized in that the flywheel (231) is configured to rotate about a rotational axis; a connecting rod (240) by moving the piston (220) to the flywheel (231), the flywheel (231) controls the piston travel (220) and the frequency of an acoustic output from the marine seismic source (200); wherein the connecting rod (240) has a first end coupled to the piston (220) and a second end coupled to the flywheel (231); wherein the second end of the connecting rod (240) has a first position at a first distance measured radially from the axis of rotation and a second position at a second distance measured radially from the axis of rotation, where the first distance it is less than the second distance; and wherein a piston oscillation rate (220) increases as the second end of the connecting rod (240) is moved from the second position to the first position because a combined thrust of the flywheel (231), connecting rod is maintained (240), piston (220) and water (111) entrained by the piston (220).
    [0002]
    2. Marine Seismic Source, (200), according to Claim 1, further comprising an added mass member coupled by movement to the steering wheel (231), characterized in that the added mass member is configured to move radially in relation to to the axis of rotation.
    [0003]
    Marine Seismic Source (200), according to Claim 1, further comprising an added mass member coupled by movement to the steering wheel (231), characterized in that the added mass member has a first position at a third distance measured radially from the axis of rotation and a second position at a fourth distance measured radially from the axis of rotation, where the third radial distance is less than the fourth radial distance and where the third radial distance is greater than the first radial distance and the fourth radial distance is greater than the second radial distance.
    [0004]
    Marine Seismic Source (200), according to Claim 2, characterized in that it further comprises a first actuator configured to move the second end of the connecting rod (240) radially in relation to the axis of rotation.
    [0005]
    5. Marine Seismic Source, (200), according to Claim 4, characterized in that it also comprises a second actuator configured to move the added mass member radially in relation to the axis of rotation.
    [0006]
    6. Marine Seismic Source, (200), according to Claim 5, characterized in that the first actuator and the second actuator are attached to the steering wheel (231).
    [0007]
    7. Marine Seismic Source, (200), according to Claim 2, further comprising a motor arranged inside the housing (210) and axially positioned between the piston (220) and the closed end, characterized in that the motor is coupled to the housing (210) and configured to rotate the handwheel (231).
    [0008]
    Marine Seismic Source (200) according to Claim 5, characterized in that the flywheel (231) includes a complete elongated groove (232) having a radially internal end at or proximal to the axis of rotation and a radially external end distant to the axis of rotation; wherein the second end of the connecting rod (240) is pivotally coupled to a first guide member (271) which is slidably arranged in the groove (232); and wherein the added mass member is coupled to a first guide member (272) which is slidably arranged in the groove (232).
    [0009]
    Marine Seismic Source (200) according to Claim 8, characterized in that it further comprises a first connection that extends from the first actuator to the first guide member (271) and a second connection that extends from the second actuator to the first guide member (272).
    [0010]
    10. Marine Seismic Source, (200), according to Claim 5, characterized in that the first actuator and the second actuator are linear actuators.
    [0011]
    11. Method for Generating a Wave of Marine Seismic Energy in a Body of Water, (111), comprising: (a) providing a seismic source (200), characterized in that the seismic source (200) includes: a housing (210) having a closed end and open end; a piston (220) slidably disposed within the housing (210); a handwheel (231) disposed in the housing (210) between the closed end and the piston (220), where the handwheel (231) is configured to rotate about an axis of rotation; a connecting rod (240) having a first end hingedly coupled to the piston (220) and a second end (210b) hingedly coupled to the flywheel (231); (b) positioning the seismic source (200) in the water (111); (c) turning the handwheel (231) around the axis of rotation while controlling the stroke of the piston (220) and the frequency of an acoustic output from the marine seismic source (200); (d) reducing a first radially measured distance from the axis of rotation to the second end of the connecting rod (240) during (c) thereby increasing a piston oscillation rate (220) because a combined flywheel thrust is maintained ( 231), connecting rod (240), piston (220) and water (111) dragged by the piston (220).
    [0012]
    12. Method for Generating Marine Seismic Energy Wave in a Body of Water, (111), according to Claim 11, characterized in that it further comprises: (e) changing a second radially measured distance from the axis of rotation to a member of added mass coupled by movement to the steering wheel (231) during (c).
    [0013]
    13. Method for Generating Marine Seismic Energy Wave in a Body of Water, (111), according to Claim 12, characterized in that (d) comprises increasing or decreasing the first distance during (c).
    [0014]
    14. Method for Generating a Wave of Marine Seismic Energy in a Body of Water, (111), according to Claim 13, characterized in that it further comprises decreasing or increasing the first distance after (d).
    [0015]
    15. Method for Generating a Wave of Marine Seismic Energy in a Body of Water, (111), according to Claim 12, characterized in that it further comprises: (f) generating waves of acoustic energy with the seismic source (200) during (d ), in which the acoustic energy waves have a frequency and amplitude, in which the frequency or amplitude of the acoustic energy waves changes during (d); and (g) transmitting the acoustic energy waves through the water (111).
    [0016]
    16. Method for Generating Marine Seismic Energy Wave in a Body of Water, (111), according to Claim 15, characterized in that (d) further comprises increasing the first distance during (c); wherein (e) still comprises increasing the second distance during (c); where (f) still comprises decreasing the frequency of the acoustic energy waves during (d) and increasing the amplitude of the acoustic energy waves during (d).
    [0017]
    17. Method for Generating Marine Seismic Energy Wave in Body of Water, (111), according to Claim 12, characterized in that it further comprises: increasing a speed of rotation of the handwheel before (d); decrease the speed of rotation of the handwheel after (d); decrease the first distance after (e); and decrease the second distance after (e).
    [0018]
    18. Method for Generating Marine Seismic Energy Wave in Body of Water, (111), according to Claim 11, characterized in that the flywheel (231) of the seismic source (200) includes a complete elongated groove (232) that extends radially outward from the axis of rotation; wherein the second end of the connecting rod (240) is coupled to a first guide member (271) slidably arranged in the complete groove (232); wherein the added mass member is coupled to a first guide member (272) slidably arranged in the complete groove (232); wherein (d) comprises moving the first guide member (271) along the complete groove (232); and wherein (e) it comprises moving the first guide member (272) along the complete groove (232).
    [0019]
    19. Method for Generating Marine Seismic Energy Wave in a Body of Water, (111), comprising: (a) placing a marine seismic source (200) in the water (111), characterized in that the seismic source (200) includes: a housing (210) having a closed end and an open end; a piston (220) slidably disposed within the housing (210); a handwheel (231) disposed in the housing (210) between the closed end and the piston (220), where the handwheel (231) is configured to rotate about an axis of rotation; a connecting rod (240) having a first end hingedly attached to the piston (220) and a second end (210b) hingedly attached to the flywheel (231); (b) positioning the second end of the connecting rod (240) at or near the axis of rotation of the handwheel; (c) apply rotation torque to the steering wheel after (b), the rotation torque controlling the piston stroke (220) and the frequency of an acoustic output from the marine seismic source (200); (d) increasing the speed of rotation of the steering wheel during (c); (e) moving the second end of the connecting rod (240) radially with respect to the axis of rotation; and (f) controlling a rate of oscillation of the piston (220) during (e) because a combined thrust of the flywheel, connecting rod (240), piston (220) and water (111) carried by the piston (220) is maintained.
    [0020]
    20. Method for Generating Marine Seismic Energy Wave in a Body of Water, (111), according to Claim 19, characterized in that (e) occurs after (c).
    [0021]
    21. Method for Generating Marine Seismic Energy Wave in a Body of Water, (111), according to Claim 20, characterized in that (e) comprises moving the second end of the connecting rod (240) radially outwardly in relation to the axis of rotation.
    [0022]
    22. Method for Generating Marine Seismic Energy Wave in a Body of Water, (111), according to Claim 21, characterized in that it further comprises: (f) decreasing the speed of rotation of the steering wheel; and (g) moving the second end of the connecting rod (240) radially inwards with respect to the axis of rotation.
    [0023]
    23. Method for Generating Marine Seismic Energy Wave in a Body of Water, (111), according to Claim 22, characterized in that it repeats (c), (d) and (e) after (f) and (g).
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    BR112012030153A2|2017-06-27|
    WO2011156482A3|2012-05-10|
    DK2580609T3|2016-09-19|
    MX2012013519A|2013-01-24|
    AU2011264920B2|2014-02-27|
    EP2580609B1|2016-08-10|
    CA2799221A1|2011-12-15|
    CA2799221C|2018-06-05|
    EA022286B1|2015-12-30|
    EP2580609A2|2013-04-17|
    EG26978A|2015-03-01|
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    US8794372B2|2014-08-05|
    WO2011156482A2|2011-12-15|
    US20110297476A1|2011-12-08|
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    法律状态:
    2018-12-26| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according art. 34 industrial property law|
    2020-01-14| B06A| Notification to applicant to reply to the report for non-patentability or inadequacy of the application according art. 36 industrial patent law|
    2020-05-19| B09A| Decision: intention to grant|
    2020-10-13| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 08/06/2011, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |
    优先权:
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    US35259910P| true| 2010-06-08|2010-06-08|
    US61/352,599|2010-06-08|
    PCT/US2011/039619|WO2011156482A2|2010-06-08|2011-06-08|Marine mechanical seismic source|
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